Carbon and its Compounds — Part 3: Ethanol, ethanoic acid, soaps and detergents: visual lesson, CBSE Class 10 Science

Lesson

Ethanol, ethanoic acid, soaps and detergents

Part 3 — two carbon compounds you meet every day, ethanol and ethanoic acid, how they combine into sweet-smelling esters, and how soaps and detergents clean.

In this lesson you will

State the properties and uses of ethanol and ethanoic acid
Write equations for the reactions of ethanol and ethanoic acid, including esterification
Explain micelle formation and the cleansing action of soap
Compare the action of soaps and detergents in hard water

\ce{CH3COOH + C2H5OH ->[acid] CH3COOC2H5 + H2O}

Esters give many fruits and perfumes their smell.

Concept

Ethanol: properties and uses

Ethanol, $\ce{C2H5OH}$ , is a colourless liquid that mixes with water in all proportions. It is the active ingredient of alcoholic drinks.

Table of uses of ethanol with the property behind each
Use	Why ethanol
Hand sanitisers, antiseptics	Kills many germs
Tincture of iodine, cough syrups, tonics	Good solvent for medicines
Fuel blended with petrol (E20)	Burns cleanly; made from sugarcane molasses and grain
Industrial solvent	Dissolves many carbon compounds

Concept

Ethanol with sodium

Ethanol reacts with sodium to give sodium ethoxide and hydrogen gas. Like water, the –OH group reacts with sodium.

\ce{2Na(s) + 2CH3CH2OH(l) -> 2CH3CH2ONa + H2(g)}

The gas burns with a pop: hydrogen.

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