Life Processes — Part 2: Respiration and transport in human beings: visual lesson, CBSE Class 10 Science

Lesson

Respiration and transportation

Part 2 — how cells release energy from food, how we breathe, and how the heart and blood carry oxygen and food to every cell.

In this lesson you will

Compare aerobic and anaerobic breakdown of glucose in yeast, muscle and mitochondria
Describe the human respiratory system and gas exchange in the alveoli
Describe the structure of the human heart and double circulation
Explain the roles of blood, lymph, blood vessels and platelets

\ce{C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O}

Energy is released and stored as ATP.

Concept

Breaking down glucose: three pathways

Respiration always begins in the cytoplasm, where glucose (6 carbons) is broken into pyruvate (3 carbons). What happens next depends on whether oxygen is available.

Concept

Aerobic and anaerobic respiration

Aerobic respiration uses oxygen and releases much more energy. Anaerobic respiration happens without oxygen and releases less energy.

Table comparing aerobic and anaerobic respiration by oxygen need, location, products, energy released and examples
	Aerobic	Anaerobic
Oxygen	Needed	Not needed
Where	Cytoplasm, then mitochondria	Cytoplasm only
Products	Carbon dioxide and water	Ethanol and carbon dioxide (yeast); lactic acid (muscle)
Energy released	Much more	Much less
Example	Most plant and animal cells	Yeast; muscles during hard exercise

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