Development — Part 2: Public Facilities, HDI and Sustainability: visual lesson, CBSE Class 10 Social Science

Lesson

Beyond income

Part 2 — why income is not enough, how public facilities change lives, how the Human Development Index measures progress, and why development must be sustainable.

In this lesson you will

Compare states using infant mortality, literacy and attendance as well as income
Explain the role of public facilities such as health care, schools and the PDS
Interpret Human Development Index data
Explain why sustainability matters, using groundwater and crude oil examples
Write a data-based 5-mark answer that earns full marks

Part 2 at a glance

Diagram

What a family's income cannot buy

Table: food, clothes, a phone, furniture and tuition can be bought individually, while neighbourhood security, a pollution-free environment, protection from infectious diseases, and schools and health centres are best provided collectively
Can usually be bought individually	Best provided collectively
Food and clothes	Security in the neighbourhood
A television or a phone	A pollution-free environment
Furniture	Protection from infectious diseases
Private tuition	Schools and public health centres in every area

For many goods and services, collective provision is cheaper and works better than each family arranging its own.

Diagram

Three indicators beyond income

Table of indicators: infant mortality rate, deaths before age one per 1,000 live births, where low is good; literacy rate, literate share of people aged seven and above, where high is good; net attendance ratio, share of children of an age group attending school, where high is good
Indicator	What it measures	A good sign
Infant mortality rate (IMR)	Children who die before the age of one, per 1,000 live births in a year	Low
Literacy rate	Literate people as a share of the population aged 7 and above	High
Net attendance ratio	Children of an age group (e.g. 14–15 years) attending school, as a share of all children of that age group	High

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