Digestion and Absorption

Lesson

Part 1 — the organs of the digestive system. This chapter is CBSE reading material for formative (school) assessment only.

In this lesson you will

Trace the human alimentary canal from mouth to anus
Describe human teeth and work with the dental formula
Describe the four layers of the gut wall, villi and microvilli
Describe the salivary glands, liver and pancreas and their ducts

Concept

What digestion must achieve

Biomacromolecules in food must be converted into small, soluble units before they can be absorbed.

Table of food components and their absorbable end products
Food component	Absorbable end products
Carbohydrates (starch, sugars)	Monosaccharides such as glucose, fructose, galactose
Proteins	Amino acids
Fats	Fatty acids and glycerol
Nucleic acids	Sugars and bases

Diagram

The human alimentary canal

The canal runs from the mouth to the anus: buccal cavity, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine. The salivary glands, liver and pancreas pour secretions into it.

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