72:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Gay-Lussac’s pressure law?"}]]}] 73:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"At constant n and V, p is proportional to T."}]]}] 74:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Avogadro’s law?"}]]}] 75:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"At the same T and p, equal volumes of gases contain equal numbers of molecules (V ∝ n)."}]]}] 76:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"The ideal gas equation?"}]]}] 77:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":["$","span","code-0",{"className":"SmxAaG_mathInline","data-math":"inline","tabIndex":"$undefined","dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"

pV = nRT

"}}]}]]}] 78:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"R in L bar units?"}]]}] 79:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"0.08314 L bar K⁻¹ mol⁻¹."}]]}] 7a:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"R in L atm units?"}]]}] 7b:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"0.0821 L atm K⁻¹ mol⁻¹."}]]}] 7c:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"R in SI units?"}]]}] 7d:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"8.314 J K⁻¹ mol⁻¹ (1 L bar = 100 J)."}]]}] 7e:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"1 atm in other units?"}]]}] 7f:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"101.325 kPa = 1.01325 bar = 760 mmHg."}]]}] 80:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Formula for the density of a gas?"}]]}] a3:T6eb,

d = \dfrac{pM}{RT}

81:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":["$","span","code-0",{"className":"SmxAaG_mathInline","data-math":"inline","tabIndex":"$undefined","dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"$a3"}}]}]]}] 82:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Find M from a measured density."}]]}] a4:T705,

M = \dfrac{dRT}{p}

83:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":["$","span","code-0",{"className":"SmxAaG_mathInline","data-math":"inline","tabIndex":"$undefined","dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"$a4"}}]}]]}] 84:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Dalton’s law?"}]]}] 85:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"In a mixture of non-reacting gases the total pressure is the sum of the partial pressures."}]]}] 86:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Partial pressure in terms of mole fraction?"}]]}] a5:Ta03,

p_i = x_i\,p_\text{total}

87:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":["$","span","code-0",{"className":"SmxAaG_mathInline SmxAaG_mathInlineScroll","data-math":"inline","tabIndex":0,"dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"$a5"}}]}]]}] 88:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Pressure of a dry gas collected over water?"}]]}] 89:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"p(gas) = p(total) − vapour pressure of water at that temperature."}]]}] 8a:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Worked: 0.20 mol of gas at 300 K in 4.0 L, p in bar?"}]]}] a6:Ta2f,

p = nRT/V = 0.20 \times 0.08314 \times 300 \div 4.0 = 1.25

8b:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":[["$","span","code-0",{"className":"SmxAaG_mathInline SmxAaG_mathInlineScroll","data-math":"inline","tabIndex":0,"dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"$a6"}}]," bar."]}]]}] 8c:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Two assumptions of the ideal gas model that fail?"}]]}] 8d:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Molecules have zero volume; there are no attractions."}]]}] 8e:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"When is a real gas most ideal?"}]]}] 8f:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"At low pressure and high temperature."}]]}] 90:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Define the compressibility factor."}]]}] a7:T443,

Z = pV/nRT

91:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":[["$","span","code-0",{"className":"SmxAaG_mathInline","data-math":"inline","tabIndex":"$undefined","dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"$a7"}}],"; ",["$","span","code-1",{"className":"SmxAaG_mathInline","data-math":"inline","tabIndex":"$undefined","dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"

Z = 1

"}}]," for an ideal gas."]}]]}] 92:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"What does Z < 1 mean?"}]]}] 93:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Attractions dominate; the gas is more compressible than ideal."}]]}] 94:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"What does Z > 1 mean?"}]]}] 95:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Molecular volume (repulsion) dominates; the gas is less compressible than ideal."}]]}] 96:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Sketch Z against p for H₂, N₂ and CO₂."}]]}] 97:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"All start at 1; H₂ rises; N₂ dips slightly then rises; CO₂ dips deeply then rises."}]]}] 98:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"The van der Waals equation?"}]]}] a8:Tae9,

(p + an^2/V^2)(V - nb) = nRT

99:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":["$","span","code-0",{"className":"SmxAaG_mathInline SmxAaG_mathInlineScroll","data-math":"inline","tabIndex":0,"dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"$a8"}}]}]]}] 9a:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Meaning of a and b?"}]]}] 9b:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"a measures attractions; b is the excluded volume per mole (about four times the molecular volume)."}]]}] 9c:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Define critical temperature."}]]}] 9d:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"The highest temperature at which a gas can be liquefied by pressure alone."}]]}] 9e:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Which of O₂ (154.6 K), NH₃ (405.5 K) liquefies at 300 K by pressure?"}]]}] 9f:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"NH₃ only, because 300 K is below its Tc but above that of O₂."}]]}] a0:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Which mistake is common with temperature in gas problems?"}]]}] a1:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Using °C instead of kelvin."}]]}]

Cookies