Reproductive Health — Part 2: Population and birth control: visual lesson, CBSE Class 12 Biology

Lesson

Population and birth control

Part 2 — why the population grew so fast, and the safe methods couples can use to plan their families.

In this lesson you will

Explain why India’s population grew rapidly and why stabilisation matters
Describe the properties of an ideal contraceptive
Compare natural, barrier, IUD, oral, injectable, implant and surgical methods
Explain medical termination of pregnancy and its misuse

Concept

Why the population grew

India’s population was about 350 million at Independence (1947), crossed one billion in 2000 and was about 1.2 billion by the 2011 census.

Table of reasons for rapid population growth and their effects
Reason	Effect
Rapid decline in death rate	More people survive to old age
Fall in maternal mortality rate	More mothers survive childbirth
Fall in infant mortality rate	More babies survive infancy
More people of reproductive age	More births each year

Diagram

How fast does a population grow?

A population growing at a constant rate grows like compound interest: each year’s increase is added to the base for the next year, so the curve bends upwards and the population doubles again and again.

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