72:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Nuclear radius formula?"}]]}] a3:T739,

R = R_0A^{1/3}

a4:T50f,

R_0 \approx 1.2

73:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":[["$","span","code-0",{"className":"SmxAaG_mathInline","data-math":"inline","tabIndex":"$undefined","dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"$a3"}}],", ",["$","span","code-1",{"className":"SmxAaG_mathInline","data-math":"inline","tabIndex":"$undefined","dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"$a4"}}]," fm."]}]]}] 74:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Nuclear density?"}]]}] a5:T48d,

2.3 \times 10^{17}

75:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":["About ",["$","span","code-0",{"className":"SmxAaG_mathInline","data-math":"inline","tabIndex":"$undefined","dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"$a5"}}]," kg m⁻³, the same for all nuclei."]}]]}] 76:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Range of the nuclear force?"}]]}] 77:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"A few fm (short range)."}]]}] 78:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Is the nuclear force charge-dependent?"}]]}] 79:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"No: p–p, n–n, n–p about equal."}]]}] 7a:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Nuclear force below 0.8 fm?"}]]}] 7b:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Repulsive."}]]}] 7c:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Energy equivalent of 1 u?"}]]}] 7d:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"About 931.5 MeV."}]]}] 7e:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"1 MeV in joules?"}]]}] a6:T4cb,

1.6 \times 10^{-13}

7f:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":[["$","span","code-0",{"className":"SmxAaG_mathInline","data-math":"inline","tabIndex":"$undefined","dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"$a6"}}]," J."]}]]}] 80:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Mass defect?"}]]}] a7:Tc72,

\Delta M = Zm_\text{H} + (A - Z)m_n - M

81:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":[["$","span","code-0",{"className":"SmxAaG_mathInline SmxAaG_mathInlineScroll","data-math":"inline","tabIndex":0,"dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"$a7"}}],"."]}]]}] 82:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Binding energy?"}]]}] a8:T72c,

E_b = \Delta M c^2

83:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":[["$","span","code-0",{"className":"SmxAaG_mathInline","data-math":"inline","tabIndex":"$undefined","dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"$a8"}}],"."]}]]}] 84:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"BE per nucleon of ⁴He?"}]]}] 85:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"About 7.07 MeV."}]]}] 86:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Peak of the BE-per-nucleon curve?"}]]}] 87:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"About 8.8 MeV near A = 56 (iron)."}]]}] 88:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"BE per nucleon of uranium?"}]]}] 89:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"About 7.6 MeV."}]]}] 8a:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Why is the curve nearly flat in the middle?"}]]}] 8b:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Nuclear force is short-range and saturates."}]]}] 8c:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Why does it fall for heavy nuclei?"}]]}] 8d:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Coulomb repulsion between many protons."}]]}] 8e:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"What is fission?"}]]}] 8f:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Splitting of a heavy nucleus into two medium nuclei."}]]}] 90:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Energy per fission of U-235?"}]]}] 91:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"About 200 MeV."}]]}] 92:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Role of a moderator?"}]]}] 93:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Slows neutrons down."}]]}] 94:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Role of control rods?"}]]}] 95:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Absorb neutrons to control the chain reaction."}]]}] 96:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"What is fusion?"}]]}] 97:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Joining of light nuclei into a heavier one."}]]}] 98:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"D–T fusion energy?"}]]}] 99:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"17.6 MeV (≈ 3.5 MeV per nucleon)."}]]}] 9a:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Why does fusion need very high temperature?"}]]}] 9b:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"To overcome Coulomb repulsion between nuclei."}]]}] 9c:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Why do fission and fusion both release energy?"}]]}] 9d:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Products are nearer the BE peak, more tightly bound."}]]}] 9e:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Exam tip: atomic masses in mass defect?"}]]}] 9f:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Use m_H, not m_p."}]]}] a0:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Exam tip: before using a nuclear equation?"}]]}] a1:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Check A and Z balance."}]]}]

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