Chemical Coordination and Integration, Part 2: Adrenal glands, pancreas, hormone action and disorders: visual lesson, ISC Class 11 Biology

Lesson

Hormones of the body and their action

Part 2: adrenal glands, pancreas, gonads, gut, mechanisms and disorders.

In this lesson you will

State the roles of adrenaline, the cortical hormones, insulin, glucagon, sex hormones and the gut hormones
Compare the mechanisms of action of protein hormones and steroid hormones
Match each endocrine disorder to the gland and hormone involved, and distinguish diabetes mellitus from diabetes insipidus

Concept

Adrenal glands

The adrenal cortex has 3 layers; the medulla makes adrenaline and noradrenaline, the emergency hormones.

Table of adrenal gland hormones
Part	Hormone	Main action
Cortex: outer layer	Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)	Sodium reabsorption and potassium loss in the kidney
Cortex: middle layer	Glucocorticoids (cortisol)	Raise blood glucose; anti-inflammatory; reduce immunity
Cortex: inner layer	Sex corticoids	Small amounts of androgens
Medulla	Adrenaline, noradrenaline	Fight or flight: faster heartbeat, more glucose, wider pupils

Check your understanding

Quick check: adrenal

Match a response to the hormone responsible.

Question: Multiple choice

Multiple choice1 mark

During a long examination period a student under stress shows a raised blood glucose level and a weaker resistance to infection. Which hormone of the adrenal cortex is chiefly responsible?

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