72:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Which medium is n₁ in the surface formula?"}]]}] 73:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"The medium the light comes from (where the object is)."}]]}] 74:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"When is R of a refracting surface positive?"}]]}] 75:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"When its centre of curvature lies on the side the light goes to."}]]}] 76:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Exterior-angle results used in the surface derivation?"}]]}] 77:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"i = α + γ and r = γ − β."}]]}] 78:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Second focal length of a surface?"}]]}] ad:T1014,

f_2 = \dfrac{n_2 R}{n_2 - n_1}

79:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":[["$","span","code-0",{"className":"SmxAaG_mathInline SmxAaG_mathInlineScroll","data-math":"inline","tabIndex":0,"dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"$ad"}}],"."]}]]}] 7a:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Magnification produced by one refracting surface?"}]]}] ae:Tb05,

m = \dfrac{n_1 v}{n_2 u}

7b:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":[["$","span","code-0",{"className":"SmxAaG_mathInline","data-math":"inline","tabIndex":"$undefined","dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"$ae"}}],"."]}]]}] 7c:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Surface formula with R → ∞ gives?"}]]}] 7d:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"n₂/v = n₁/u: the real and apparent depth relation."}]]}] 7e:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Lens maker’s formula?"}]]}] af:T15a3,

\dfrac{1}{f} = (n - 1)\left(\dfrac{1}{R_1} - \dfrac{1}{R_2}\right)

7f:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":[["$","span","code-0",{"className":"SmxAaG_mathInline SmxAaG_mathInlineScroll","data-math":"inline","tabIndex":0,"dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"$af"}}],"."]}]]}] 80:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Signs of R₁ and R₂ for a biconvex lens (light from the left)?"}]]}] 81:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"R₁ positive, R₂ negative."}]]}] 82:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Focal length of a plano-convex lens?"}]]}] 83:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"f = R/(n − 1)."}]]}] 84:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Role of I₁ in the lens maker’s derivation?"}]]}] 85:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"The image by the first surface acts as the object for the second surface."}]]}] 86:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Does turning a thin lens round change f?"}]]}] 87:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"No: both foci are equally far from the optical centre."}]]}] 88:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Lens of index n in a liquid of index n_m?"}]]}] 89:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Replace n by n/n_m in the lens maker’s formula."}]]}] 8a:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Convex glass lens in a liquid denser than the glass?"}]]}] 8b:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"It diverges light."}]]}] 8c:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Lens n = 1.6, f = 20 cm in air: f in water (4/3)?"}]]}] 8d:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"60 cm."}]]}] 8e:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Thin lens formula?"}]]}] b0:Te88,

\dfrac{1}{v} - \dfrac{1}{u} = \dfrac{1}{f}

8f:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":[["$","span","code-0",{"className":"SmxAaG_mathInline SmxAaG_mathInlineScroll","data-math":"inline","tabIndex":0,"dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"$b0"}}],"."]}]]}] 90:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Magnification of a thin lens?"}]]}] b1:T6db,

m = h'/h = v/u

91:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":[["$","span","code-0",{"className":"SmxAaG_mathInline","data-math":"inline","tabIndex":"$undefined","dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"$b1"}}],"."]}]]}] 92:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Image formed by a concave lens of a real object?"}]]}] 93:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Always virtual, erect, diminished, between F₁ and O."}]]}] 94:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Power of a lens and its unit?"}]]}] 95:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"P = 1/f (f in metres); dioptre, D = m⁻¹."}]]}] 96:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Sign of power: converging and diverging lens?"}]]}] 97:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Converging positive, diverging negative."}]]}] 98:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Graph of 1/v against 1/u for a lens?"}]]}] 99:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Straight line, slope 1, meeting both axes a distance P from the origin."}]]}] 9a:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Object 28 cm from a lens of f = 21 cm: image?"}]]}] 9b:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"v = +84 cm, m = −3: real, inverted."}]]}] 9c:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Focal length of two thin lenses in contact?"}]]}] b2:T12e1,

\dfrac{1}{F} = \dfrac{1}{f_1} + \dfrac{1}{f_2}

9d:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":[["$","span","code-0",{"className":"SmxAaG_mathInline SmxAaG_mathInlineScroll","data-math":"inline","tabIndex":0,"dangerouslySetInnerHTML":{"__html":"$b2"}}],"."]}]]}] 9e:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Power of lenses in contact?"}]]}] 9f:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"P = P₁ + P₂."}]]}] a0:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"+8.0 D and −5.0 D in contact?"}]]}] a1:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"+3.0 D: converging, F = 33.3 cm."}]]}] a2:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Object distance for the second of two separated lenses?"}]]}] a3:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"u₂ = v₁ − d, measured from the second lens."}]]}] a4:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"What is a virtual object?"}]]}] a5:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"A point beyond a lens towards which rays are converging when they reach it (u > 0)."}]]}] a6:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Total magnification of a combination?"}]]}] a7:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"The product of the separate magnifications."}]]}] a8:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Pin coincides with its own image with a lens backed by a plane mirror: where is the pin?"}]]}] a9:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"At the focus of the lens."}]]}] aa:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Exam tip: return pass through a lens after a mirror?"}]]}] ab:["$","div",null,{"className":"SmxAaG_md","lang":"$undefined","children":[["$","p","p-0",{"children":"Measure distances along the returning light and re-apply the lens formula."}]]}]

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